Las universidades que participan en la impresión de este libro conmemorativo son: Universidad Antonio Nariño, Universidad del Magdalena, Universidad Agustiniana y Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Como bien puede verse, por el origen institucional, el tema es de interés nacional, abarca prácticamente toda la geografía política y administrativa, donde el Caribe, la sabana cundiboyacense, el sur y el occidente colombiano están representados institucionalmente. El punto de partida para publicar este compendio surge de la Feria Internacional del Libro de Bogotá (Filbo 2019), pues está dedicada al Bicentenario, y como es lógico, las universidades coeditoras no quisieron pasar por alto esta coyuntura y dijeron: ¡Presentes, aquí estamos!

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In A Century of Violence in a Red City Lesley Gill provides insights into broad trends of global capitalist development, class disenfranchisement and dispossession, and the decline of progressive politics. Gill traces the rise and fall of the strong labor unions, neighborhood organizations, and working class of Barrancabermeja, Colombia, from their origins in the 1920s to their effective activism for agrarian reforms, labor rights, and social programs in the 1960s and 1970s. Like much of Colombia, Barrancabermeja came to be dominated by alliances of right-wing politicians, drug traffickers, foreign corporations, and paramilitary groups. These alliances reshaped the geography of power and gave rise to a pernicious form of armed neoliberalism. Their violent incursion into Barrancabermeja's civil society beginning in the 1980s decimated the city's social networks, destabilized life for its residents, and destroyed its working-class organizations. As a result, community leaders are now left clinging to the toothless discourse of human rights, which cannot effectively challenge the status quo. In this stark book, Gill captures the grim reality and precarious future of Barrancabermeja and other places ravaged by neoliberalism and violence.

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The history of Guarani is a history of resilience. Paraguayan Guarani is a vibrant, modern language, mother tongue to millions of people in South America. It is the only indigenous language in the Americas spoken by a non-ethnically indigenous majority, and since 1992, it is also an official language of Paraguay alongside Spanish. This book provides the first comprehensive reference grammar of Modern Paraguayan Guarani written for an English-language audience. It is an accessible yet thorough and carefully substantiated description of the language’s phonology, morphosyntax, and semantics. It also includes information about its centuries of documented history and its current sociolinguistic situation. Examples come from literary sources and film, scholastic grammars, online newspapers, blogs and other publications, publicly accessible social media data, and the author’s own fieldwork. They are specifically chosen to reflect the diversity of uses of modern-day Guarani, with the aim of providing a realistic picture of the current state of the language in twenty-first century Paraguay. This book will benefit researchers and students of Guarani and Paraguay, such as linguists, anthropologists, ethnographers, sociologists, historians, or cultural studies and literature scholars. Typologically-oriented researchers and students of other Tupian and Amerindian languages will have reliable data for comparative purposes. Given the unique socio-historical profile of Guarani, researchers in fields such as language contact, bilingualism, code-switching, language planning, language education, and literacy will find this book a valuable reference resource.

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Following the GPS, new GNSS techniques are emerging today. Various surveying and processing methods are available for the analysis of GNSS data. Equipment and software are also varied. The orbit quality, controlled by the system designer, and the IGS are continuously improved. The user is mainly interested in the quality of position and of the deformation rates produced by the GNSS. Hence, research needs to guide the user in terms of selecting the best combination of the available methods and instrumentation to produce the desired accuracy. This book reviews the current available accuracy obtainable using the GNSS methods. In fact, the main aim of this book is to make an impact on young researchers so that they keep updating the accuracy of GNSS for future generations.

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In the early 19th century, the only way to transmit information was to send letters across the oceans by sailing ships or across land by horse and coach. Growing world trade created a need and technological development introduced options to improve general information transmission. Starting in the 1830s, a network of steamships, railways, canals and telegraphs was gradually built to connect different parts of the world.

The book explains how the rate of information circulation increased many times over as mail systems were developed. Nevertheless, regional differences were huge. While improvements on the most significant trade routes between Europe, the Americas and East India were considered crucial, distant places such as California or Australia had to wait for gold fever to become important enough for regular communications. The growth of passenger services, especially for emigrants, was a major factor increasing the number of mail sailings.

The study covers the period from the Napoleonic wars to the foundation of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and includes the development of overseas business information transmission from the days of sailing ships to steamers and the telegraph.

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In the early 19th century, the only way to transmit information was to send letters across the oceans by sailing ships or across land by horse and coach. Growing world trade created a need and technological development introduced options to improve general information transmission. Starting in the 1830s, a network of steamships, railways, canals and telegraphs was gradually built to connect different parts of the world.

The book explains how the rate of information circulation increased many times over as mail systems were developed. Nevertheless, regional differences were huge. While improvements on the most significant trade routes between Europe, the Americas and East India were considered crucial, distant places such as California or Australia had to wait for gold fever to become important enough for regular communications. The growth of passenger services, especially for emigrants, was a major factor increasing the number of mail sailings.

The study covers the period from the Napoleonic wars to the foundation of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and includes the development of overseas business information transmission from the days of sailing ships to steamers and the telegraph.

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In the early 19th century, the only way to transmit information was to send letters across the oceans by sailing ships or across land by horse and coach. Growing world trade created a need and technological development introduced options to improve general information transmission. Starting in the 1830s, a network of steamships, railways, canals and telegraphs was gradually built to connect different parts of the world.

The book explains how the rate of information circulation increased many times over as mail systems were developed. Nevertheless, regional differences were huge. While improvements on the most significant trade routes between Europe, the Americas and East India were considered crucial, distant places such as California or Australia had to wait for gold fever to become important enough for regular communications. The growth of passenger services, especially for emigrants, was a major factor increasing the number of mail sailings.

The study covers the period from the Napoleonic wars to the foundation of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and includes the development of overseas business information transmission from the days of sailing ships to steamers and the telegraph.

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Primer Encuentro Deporte y Sociedad: Debates en tránsito en las Ciencias Sociales en la Argentina actual held in Ensenada in november 2016.

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The author reconstructs the anatomy of a historical transition: the convergence between the expansion of US interests in Chile and the rise of a new political group in the 1920s, which paved the way for a new power structure marked by state modernization, US economic expansion, and the emergence of new political elites. Through the study of patent granting, the circulation of technological innovations, and the deepening of financial ties, the work shows how these processes fostered the consolidation of new forms of economic and political dependence in Chile—a debate that remains central to understanding the historical dynamics of rise and fall in the international order.

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Ancient Households on the North Coast of Peru provides insight into the organization of complex, urban, and state-level society in the region from a household perspective, using observations from diverse North Coast households to generate new understandings of broader social processes in and beyond Andean prehistory. Many volumes on this region are limited to one time period or civilization, often the Moche. While Ancient Households on the North Coast of Peru does examine the Moche, it offers a wider thematic approach to a broader swath of prehistory. Chapters on various time periods use a comparable scale of analysis to examine long-term continuity and change and draw on a large corpus of prior research on states, rulership, and cosmology to offer new insight into the intersection of household, community, and state. Contributors address social reproduction, construction and reinforcement of gender identities and social hierarchy, household permanence and resilience, and expression of identity through cuisine. This volume challenges common concepts of the “household” in archaeology by demonstrating the complexity and heterogeneity of household-level dynamics as they intersect with institutions at broader social scales and takes a comparative perspective on daily life within one region of the Andes. It will be of interest to both students and scholars of South American archaeology and household archaeology.  Contributors: Brian R. Billman, David Chicoine, Guy S. Duke, Hugo Ikehara, Giles Spence-Morrow, Jessica Ortiz, Edward Swenson, Kari A. Zobler

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This book is one of the outcomes of the project Cultivated Wilderness: Socio-economic development and environmental change in pre-Columbian Amazonia (http://www.cultivated-wilderness.org/). The project has particularly focused on the previously relatively unknown prehistory of the Amazonian hinterland. Our work has revealed that pre-Columbian settlements in the Santarém region in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazonas, were not (as formerly often assumed) limited to the vicinities of permanent water courses, such as rivers and lakes. On the contrary, the majority of region’s archaeological sites are found in an upland area known as the Belterra Plateau, situated south of the present city of Santarém. Series of radiocarbon and luminescence dates link these sites to an expansion of human settlement occurring during the period A.D. 1300–1500. The period appears to have been associated with major transformations of the prehistoric societies, significant population growth and the development of new types of water management and agriculture. The workshop Beyond Waters: Archaeology and Environmental History of the Amazonian Inland formed part of the IX Sesquiannual Conference of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America (SALSA), held in Gothenburg, Sweden in June 2014. The presenters and participants at the workshop included members of the Cultivated Wilderness-project, as well as partners and colleagues from several countries in Latin America and Europe. The contributions of the present volume span a wide range of subjects and fields, including archaeology, soil science, landscape archaeology, paleobotany, stylistic studies, historical information and digital mediation, which gives the book a broad thematic scope.

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Big Water explores four centuries of the overlapping histories of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay (the Triple Frontier), and the colonies that preceded them. Examining an important area that includes some of the first national parks established in Latin America and one of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams, this transnational approach illustrates how these three nation-states have interacted over time. From the Jesuit reductions in the seventeenth century to the flows of capital and goods accelerated by contemporary trade agreements, the Triple Frontier region has proven fundamental to the development of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, as well as to the Southern Cone and South America itself. Although historians from each of these three countries have tended to construct narratives that stop at their respective borders, the contributors call for a reinterpretation that goes beyond the material and conceptual boundaries of the Triple Frontier. In offering a transnational approach, Big Water helps transcend nation-centered blind spots and approach new understandings of how space and society have developed throughout Latin America. These essays complicate traditional frontier histories and balance the excessive weight previously given to empires, nations, and territorial expansion. Overcoming stagnant comparisons between national cases, the research explores regional identity beyond border and geopolitical divides. Thus, Big Water focuses on the uniquely overlapping character of the Triple Frontier and emphasizes a perspective usually left at the periphery of national histories.

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This book offers a legal-historical examination of the construction of property in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, at the end of the 19th century. The author analyzes the interaction of the civil codification, Argentina’s federal structure, and the systems for the official surveying of land and registration of property. In this context, she focuses on the privatization of the territories belonging to indigenous communities in Córdoba province from the 1870s to the early 20th century.

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This volume explores the theoretical foundations of postcolonial translation in settings as diverse as Malaysia, Ireland, India and South America. Changing the Terms examines stimulating links that are currently being forged between linguistics, literature and cultural theory. In doing so, the authors probe complex sequences of intercultural contact, fusion and breach. The impact that history and politics have had on the role of translation in the evolution of literary and cultural relations is investigated in fascinating detail.

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The federal system adopted in the constituent process of 1853-1860 responded, on the one hand, to the confederative experience of previous years and, on the other, to the imprint of the model based on the Constitution of the United States of America of 1787. However, the Argentine constituents departed from this model by granting the National Congress the power to dictate the "civil, commercial, criminal and mining" Codes (Art. 67, sub. 11 CN). In this way, the constitutional organisation reflected the federal aspiration that allowed the provinces to preserve their historical-political identity, but various circumstantial reasons, such as the shortage of lawyers in the interior of the country and the felt need to standardise customs and legislation, led the Convention members to adopt the European system of codification in the area of substantive law. As a result of this process, a hybrid model was established, with federal features as regards the exercise of political and jurisdictional powers at the provincial level, but with a clear unitary element in the codification of substantive law. The reservation added in 1860 reinforced the intangibility of the jurisdictional power of the provinces, which thus retained their own courts and the power to regulate their procedural law. On the other hand, it was provided that until the National Congress enacted the substantive codes, the provinces were empowered to maintain their civil and criminal legislation (art. 108 CN). The first Argentine Criminal Code would not come into force until 1887, so, in exercise of this transitory power, many provinces adopted various codification projects in the previous years that were exclusively within their territorial scope. The Tejedor Project was adopted by the Province of Buenos Aires in 1877; La Rioja, which was the pioneer, adopted it in 1876; Entre Ríos, San Juan, Corrientes, San Luis and Catamarca in 1878; Mendoza in 1779; Santa Fe and Salta in 1880 and Tucumán in 1881; and the Provinces of Jujuy and Santiago del Estero did not adopt provincial codes but were governed by Castilian law until the first National Code was enacted. Cordoba, for its part, adopted, practically unchanged, the draft of the revision commission presented to the National Congress in 1881. This book attempts to analyse some aspects of that first moment of provincial codification, focusing on the Criminal Code in force in the Province of Cordoba between 1882 and 1886, trying to understand the way in which the operators of justice in Cordoba represented the codified law and to determine to what extent it is possible to associate that representation with what has been called "code culture". We believe that the experience of provincial codification cannot be fully understood without taking into account the way in which the new law was used in the courts. In this sense, the Historical Archive of the Province of Cordoba preserves, in its Crime Fund, an important number of cases that were consulted and analysed in this work. The documentary universe for the period in which the code was in force (1883-1886) is 403 cases. The aim is to offer a qualitative analysis which, based on the documentary testimonies, allows us to offer an adequate description of the features which, in terms of legal culture, can be considered characteristic of the practical experience of the provincial penal codification.

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Conflict, Heritage and World-Making in the Chaco documents and interprets the physical remains and afterlives of the Chaco War (1932-35) – known as South America’s first ‘modern’ armed conflict – in what is now present-day Paraguay. It focuses not only on archaeological remains as conventionally understood, but takes an ontological approach to heterogeneous assemblages of objects, texts, practices and landscapes shaped by industrial war and people’s past and present engagements with them. These assemblages could be understood to constitute a ‘dark heritage’, the debris of a failed modernity. Yet it is clear that they are not simply dead memorials to this bloody war, but have been, and continue to be active in making, unmaking and remaking worlds – both for the participants and spectators of the war itself, as well as those who continue to occupy and live amongst the vast accretions of war matériel which persist in the present. Framing the study as an exploration of modern, industrialised warfare as Anthropocene ‘hyperobject’ (Morton 2013), This book shows how the material culture and heritage of modern conflict fuse together objects, people and landscapes, connecting them physically and conceptually across vast, almost unimaginable distances and time periods. She offers a unique perspective on the heritage of conflict, the natural environment, practices of recycling, the concept of time, and the idea of the ‘Anthropocene’ itself, as seen through the lens of the material legacies of war, which remain firmly and stubbornly embedded in the present and which continue to actively shape the future. This book makes a major contribution to key debates in anthropology, archaeology, critical heritage and material culture studies on the significance of conflict in understanding the Anthropocene, and the roles played by its persistent heritages in assembling worlds.

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Projects that bring the ‘hard’ sciences into art are increasingly being exhibited in galleries and museums across the world. In a surge of publications on the subject, few focus on regions beyond Europe and the Anglophone world. Decolonizing Science in Latin American Art assembles a new corpus of art-science projects by Latin American artists, ranging from big-budget collaborations with NASA and MIT to homegrown experiments in artists’ kitchens. While they draw on recent scientific research, these art projects also ‘decolonize’ science. If increasing knowledge of the natural world has often gone hand-in-hand with our objectification and exploitation of it, the artists studied here emphasize the subjectivity and intelligence of other species, staging new forms of collaboration and co-creativity beyond the human. They design technologies that work with organic processes to promote the health of ecosystems, and seek alternatives to the logics of extractivism and monoculture farming that have caused extensive ecological damage in Latin America. They develop do-it-yourself, open-source, commons-based practices for sharing creative and intellectual property. They establish critical dialogues between Western science and indigenous thought, reconnecting a disembedded, abstracted form of knowledge with the cultural, social, spiritual, and ethical spheres of experience from which it has often been excluded. Decolonizing Science in Latin American Art interrogates how artistic practices may communicate, extend, supplement, and challenge scientific ideas. At the same time, it explores broader questions in the field of art, including the relationship between knowledge, care, and curation; nonhuman agency; art and utility; and changing approaches to participation. It also highlights important contributions by Latin American thinkers to themes of global significance, including the Anthropocene, climate change, and environmental justice. ‘Joanna Page presents a deeply researched account of contemporary art-science projects in Latin America. She situates them at the crux of current discussions on the decolonization of both the sciences and the arts: by questioning Eurocentric views on humanism and modernity, exploring expanded ideas of perception and cognition, and placing Western scientific knowledge within constellations of beliefs and practices that have been marginalised by colonial histories.’ – Mara Polgovsky Ezcurra, Birkbeck College

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This volume investigates the appearances, figurations, genealogies, and displacements of the monster in Argentine literature, both in aesthetic and poetic projects, as well as in the bodies, subjectivities, lives, and forms of the common that emerge.

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During the military dictatorship of 1968-1974, France sent its top intelligence specialists to Brazil. Coming from a variety of political backgrounds, these men ensured the transfer of the French army's colonial doctrines to the Brazilian army and created opportunities for the French industries that were reconstituted in the aftermath of the Second World War. In less than twenty years, the French army completely reshaped the Brazilian military's perception of its role. The technology exported was not just material, but also political. It enabled the construction of a new military system, based on the principle of anti-subversive warfare, the action of intelligence services and the hegemony of industrial groups linked to armaments. As a result, France made a significant contribution to the strategic autonomy of the Brazilian army, providing a significant alternative to the presence of the United States. Using a large number of archive documents, this book seeks to understand how these special links between the French and Brazilian militaries were built.

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In DISCIPLINARY INTERVENTIONS, Ricardo Salvatore argues that the foundation of the discipline of Latin American studies, pioneered between 1900 and 1945, was linked to the United States’s business and financial interests and informal imperialism. In contrast, the consolidation of Latin American studies has traditionally been placed in the 1960s, as a reaction to the Cuban Revolution. Focusing on five representative U.S. scholars of South America—historian Clarence Haring, geographer Isaiah Bowman, political scientist Leo Rowe, sociologist Edward Ross, and archaeologist Hiram Bingham -- Salvatore demonstrates how their search for comprehensive knowledge about South America can be understood as a contribution to hemispheric hegemony, an intellectual conquest of the region. U.S. economic leaders, diplomats, and foreign-policy experts needed knowledge about the region to expand investment and trade, as well as the U.S.’s international influence; they viewed South America as a reservoir of evidence to be explored and, ultimately, exploited. Although they did not have a unified vision for an American Empire in Latin America, these five scholars all believed that the U.S. should exert its cultural, economic, and political influence, and use the knowledge produced by its academics, to solve South American poverty, inequality, and socio-economic backwardness.This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

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Understanding the history of energy and the evolving place of energy in society is essential to facing the changing future of energy production. Across North and South America, national and localized understandings of energy as a common, public, or market good have influenced the development of energy industries. Energy in the Americas brings the diverse energy histories of North and South American nations into dialogue with one another, presenting an integrated hemispheric framework for understanding the historical constructions of contemporary debates on the role of energy in society. Rejecting pat truisms, this collection historicizes the experiences of producers and policymakers and assesses the interplay between environmental, technological, political, and ideological influences within and between countries and continents. Breaking down assumptions about the evolution of national energy histories, Energy in the Americas broadens and opens the conversation. De-emphasizing the traditional focus on national peculiarities, it favours an international, integrated approach that brings together the work of established and emerging scholars. This is an essential step in understanding the circumstances that have created current energy policy and practice, and the historical narratives that underpin how energy production is conceptualized and understood.

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This book investigates new English language policies and initiatives which have been introduced and implemented across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela. Chapters are organized around three themes. Chapters in the first section critically examine newly-implemented English language policies, as well as factors that contribute to and prevent the implementation of such policies. Chapters in the second section describe and analyze current teacher preparation and teacher development initiatives, in addition to the challenges and opportunities associated with such initiatives. Finally, the third section features school- and classroom-based research designed to investigate the status of English language teaching and the implementation of innovative programs. All authors have a first-hand understanding of the South American context and draw on references and resources which originate beyond Inner Circle countries. The book showcases examples of innovation and success in a variety of complex contexts and will serve as a starting point for researchers, as well as being of interest to students, policymakers and stakeholders. This book is open access under a CC BY NC ND licence.

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This book examines the social construction of legal relations between people and things in Brazil during the 19th century through the analysis of court cases discussing dominion and possession over slaves and land. The chapters address topics such as the role of social recognition in situations of possession, the process of delegitimizing acts of land usage from indigenous peoples, dependent persons and women, and the widespread illegal acquisition of slaves and land.

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Its purpose is to publish works that point, in particular, to the studies of thought, in its varied expressions and its connections with realities not properly eidetic: networks, institutionality, intellectual environments, circulation of ideas, among others. It appears after years of redefinition in the South American environment, where people have been articulated that constitute the diverse groups that cultivate this disciplinary field, and where specialists with greater trajectory converge with others who are initiated in these tasks, although already committed in this direction with research and publications. The public to which the Collection is directed is integrated, both by specialists in this field and by people interested in the life of ideas. Some of the issues that most interest the Collection, consist of updating the studies of intellectual history and ideas that have been produced in the South American region and in various disciplinary areas: the eidetic circulation between Chile - and South America - the wide world, theoretical and methodological issues that contribute to the development of this disciplinary field, highlighting those who have cultivated this field, reissuing classic works.

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As the second volume of the collection Violence, security and social issues, this book presents a series of recent ethnographic studies on the prison establishments of the Prison Service of the Province of Buenos Aires (Servicio Penitenciario Bonaerense, SPB). In line with the initial proposal of this first series of the collection, this set of articles have their origin in the most prominent final papers for the Bachelor's degree in Sociology from the National University of La Plata (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, UNLP), which have been discussed within the framework of the Center for Security Studies in the Province of Buenos Aires (Núcleo de Estudios sobre Seguridad en la provincia de Buenos Aires, NESBA), a group formed around the sustained participation in various research projects at the School of Humanities and Education Sciences in UNLP. These studies share an interest in analyzing the social relations developed inside prison establishments, as well as those that connect the inhabitants of these institutions with other actors and spaces of the rest of society.

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As the second volume of the collection Violence, security and social issues, this book presents a series of recent ethnographic studies on the prison establishments of the Prison Service of the Province of Buenos Aires (Servicio Penitenciario Bonaerense, SPB). In line with the initial proposal of this first series of the collection, this set of articles have their origin in the most prominent final papers for the Bachelor's degree in Sociology from the National University of La Plata (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, UNLP), which have been discussed within the framework of the Center for Security Studies in the Province of Buenos Aires (Núcleo de Estudios sobre Seguridad en la provincia de Buenos Aires, NESBA), a group formed around the sustained participation in various research projects at the School of Humanities and Education Sciences in UNLP. These studies share an interest in analyzing the social relations developed inside prison establishments, as well as those that connect the inhabitants of these institutions with other actors and spaces of the rest of society.

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Beacons and swamps is a proposal for dialogue with the historiography of Argentine prisons, which saw provincial prisons as "swamps": immobile, grey, unchanging spaces. Although it is true that the pace of change in the provinces differed enormously from that of the capital, the work of the local prison reformers was to build "beacons" of modernity, in the style of the one installed in Buenos Aires: the famous National Penitentiary. Much has been discussed about the "panopticon", that institutional model of the society of control, but little is known about those "swamps" that constituted "the grey punishment of the majority". The aim of this book is to explore what is hidden in those provincial confinement spaces, where most of the national prison population was punished. It is based on the hypothesis that it is precisely there, under those swamps, that the original Argentine prison is hidden, because it was forged in those grey places of transition rather than in the "modernising beacons" of Buenos Aires or Ushuaia. Far from the "model", and from the punitive "should be", the embryos of the contemporary prison are hidden in the marshes. Delving into the mud and unearthing these vestiges, investigating the logic of the functioning of provincial prisons, will allow a better understanding of the emergence and consolidation of the punitive devices that characterise Argentine prisons today.

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This book offers a new perspective on the making of Afro-Brazilian, African-American and African studies through the interrelated trajectory of E. Franklin Frazier, Lorenzo Dow Turner, Frances and Melville Herskovits in Brazil. The book compares the style, network and agenda of these different and yet somehow converging scholars, and relates them to the Brazilian intellectual context, especially Bahia, which showed in those days much less density and organization than the US equivalent. It is therefore a double comparison: between four Americans and between Americans and scholars based in Brazil.

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Xochitl Marsilli-Vargas explains how psychoanalytic listening practices have expanded beyond the clinical setting to influence everyday social interactions in Buenos Aires.

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This book is the definitive reference regarding the global status of melioidosis in 2018. Melioidosis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), so much so that it is not even included in the WHO list of NTDs. Yet modeling suggests that it kills more people worldwide every year than diseases that are much better known, such as leptospirosis and dengue. The reasons for this under-recognition are numerous, including the fact that it mainly affects the disadvantaged rural poor in areas that are poorly supplied with the diagnostic capability to make the diagnosis. In 22 separate articles, expert authors from around the world have summarized what is known about the burden of the disease in humans and animals and the presence of the causative bacterium in the environment in their countries or regions. They have also identified the main obstacles and challenges to establishing the true burden, and to ensure that patients receive accurate diagnosis and optimal care for this all too frequently fatal disease. Rather than focusing on the theoretical risk of the use of Burkholderia pseudomallei as a biological weapon, this book highlights its importance as a clear and present danger to global public health.

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The conquest and colonization of the Americas marked the beginning of a social, economic, and cultural change of global scale. Most of what we know about how colonial actors understood and theorized this complex historical transformation comes from Spanish sources. This makes the few texts penned by Indigenous intellectuals in colonial times so important: they allow us to see how some of those who inhabited the colonial world in a disadvantaged position thought and felt about it. This book shines light on Indigenous perspectives through a novel interpretation of the works of the two most important Amerindian intellectuals in the Andes, Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala and Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca. Building on but also departing from the predominant scholarly position that views Indigenous-Spanish relations as the clash of two distinct cultures, Gonzalo Lamana argues that Guaman Poma and Garcilaso were the first Indigenous activist intellectuals and that they developed post-racial imaginaries four hundred years ago. Their texts not only highlighted Native peoples’ achievements, denounced injustice, and demanded colonial reform, but they also exposed the emerging Spanish thinking and feeling on race that was at the core of colonial forms of discrimination. These authors aimed to alter the way colonial actors saw each other and, as a result, to change the world in which they lived.

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Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.

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Exploring indigenous life projects in encounters with extractivism, the present open access volume discusses how current turbulences actualise questions of indigeneity, difference and ontological dynamics in the Andes and Amazonia. While studies of extractivism in South America often focus on wider national and international politics, this contribution instead provides ethnographic explorations of indigenous politics, perspectives and worlds, revealing loss and suffering as well as creative strategies to mediate the extralocal. Seeking to avoid conceptual imperialism or the imposition of exogenous categories, the chapters are grounded in the respective authors’ long-standing field research. The authors examine the reactions (from resistance to accommodation), consequences (from anticipation to rubble) and materials (from fossil fuel to water) diversely related to extractivism in rural and urban settings. How can Amerindian strategies to preserve localised communities in extractivist contexts contribute to ways of thinking otherwise?

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Exploring indigenous life projects in encounters with extractivism, the present open access volume discusses how current turbulences actualise questions of indigeneity, difference and ontological dynamics in the Andes and Amazonia. While studies of extractivism in South America often focus on wider national and international politics, this contribution instead provides ethnographic explorations of indigenous politics, perspectives and worlds, revealing loss and suffering as well as creative strategies to mediate the extralocal. Seeking to avoid conceptual imperialism or the imposition of exogenous categories, the chapters are grounded in the respective authors’ long-standing field research. The authors examine the reactions (from resistance to accommodation), consequences (from anticipation to rubble) and materials (from fossil fuel to water) diversely related to extractivism in rural and urban settings. How can Amerindian strategies to preserve localised communities in extractivist contexts contribute to ways of thinking otherwise?

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The International Lateinamerika-Kolloquium, held in April 2009 at the Geosciences Centre of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, brings together researchers from all fields of earth sciences. The abstracts contained in this volume cover a wide range of topics on the geological evolution of the South American continent and its margins, such as processes of mountain building, uplift and erosion as well as interaction between tectonic and climatic parameters. Topics of the Lateinamerika-Kolloquium also cover landscape evolution, ecology, natural resources, geo-hazards and economic geology.

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The International Lateinamerika-Kolloquium, held in April 2009 at the Geosciences Centre of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, brings together researchers from all fields of earth sciences. The abstracts contained in this volume cover a wide range of topics on the geological evolution of the South American continent and its margins, such as processes of mountain building, uplift and erosion as well as interaction between tectonic and climatic parameters. Topics of the Lateinamerika-Kolloquium also cover landscape evolution, ecology, natural resources, geo-hazards and economic geology.

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The city and Indigenous women: Buenos Aires (1744–1820). This book addresses the presence of Indigenous women in the city of Buenos Aires between 1744 and 1820, focusing on their forms of social interaction and incorporation into urban life. The main objective is to raise the visibility of this group of urban Indigenous women and their specific living conditions. To this end, the article is centered on the observation and problematization of their ways of performing in society, on the forms of subjection to which they were exposed and on the strategies they were able to implement in response to them. In this sense, the author proposes to analyze these women from the intersection of various identity categories and the definition of their specific conditions; to characterize their presence in the city, both in the urban space as a whole, as well as in domestic groups and institutions.

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The book that we present below brings together the presentations (corrected and edited) of the first International Conference on Criticism of Political Economy, held during November 2021 in Chile. The exhibited works present, through a similar methodology, original estimates on the rate of profit and land rent in different South American countries. Although a unitary characterization of the region is not presented, by covering Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay, it constitutes a significant sample to expose the South American specificity. It thus allows progress in the elaboration of a coherent picture of the specific way in which the continent participates in the international division of labor under the appropriation of land rent by different social subjects, and its recovery by global social capital. Despite its partial nature, this book is a step in the knowledge of the way in which the interest of the entire working class is determined, an indispensable starting point for the development of any conscious political action.

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The military repression in Argentina (1955-1976). This book deals with the political repression carried out by the military regime in Argentina between 1955 and 1976. The author studies the defense policies of the constitutional and de facto governments, and the counterinsurgency approach, that is, the actions related to the Army’s internal war. He also explores the transformation of the local sphere into the alleged battlefield of the so-called war against subversion, in which the Armed Forces had to intervene to repress and exterminate the internal enemy. The work focuses on a group of laws of exception, as well as on a series of theoretical and practical principles of Army doctrine, considering their implications for the making of a history of military repression.

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This book, which is based on 15 months of ethnographic research in the city of Alto Hospicio in northern Chile, describes how its inhabitants use social networks and the effects on their daily lives. Nell Haynes argues that social networks are a place where residents of Alto Hospicio, or hospice, express their feelings of marginalization as a result of living in a city far from the national capital and with a notoriously low quality of life compared to other areas urban in Chile.

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This interdisciplinary volume brings together approaches from history, theology, cultural studies, architecture, sociology, and anthropology to reevaluate the legacy and significance of liberation theology in Latin America. Liberation theology was born in the 1960s at a time of Church renewal and socio-economic ferment, as many sought radical solutions to the perceived exhaustion of developmentalist projects and the institutionalised violence of capitalism and dependency. By focussing on praxis – the lived experiences, spiritual, and embodied practices of those engaged in social action – the book challenges the assumption that liberation theology had reached its twilight by the late 1970s. Indeed, it demonstrates that liberationist Christianity was more diverse and internally conflicted, more widely resonant outside ecclesial confines, and more interconnected over time, than often allowed. The chapters provide new perspectives on liberationist engagements with, and influence on, ecclesiology, Participatory Action Research, architecture and urbanism, feminism, human rights, ecofeminist political theology, and more, from the 1960s to the present moment in Latin America. Drawing these threads together, the book invites us to reconsider liberation theology’s praxis in retrospect and the continuities and changes that reach into the present day.

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This book addresses the theory and practice of transitional justice through the lens of masculinities and queer perspectives. What and where are the intersections between masculinities and queer theories and frameworks for better understanding lived experiences of violence, justice, and transitions? How can masculinities and queer perspectives enhance and "complexify" our understandings of the intersections between gender, sexualities, armed conflict and (post-)conflict transitions? Incorporating masculinities and queer perspectives in transitional justice in tandem, and alongside one another, this book contributes empirically, conceptually, and methodologically to an exploration of gender in processes of dealing with violent pasts. More specifically, and by taking on the task of combining, bringing into conversation, and utilizing both masculinities and queer perspectives, the book aims to facilitate and contribute toward more inclusive, holistic, and intersectional approaches of gender in dealing with the past. This book will appeal to scholars and students working in the areas of transitional justice, peace and conflict research, international relations, gender studies, and socio-legal studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

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This book offers a micro-global history of humanitarianism and medical care during the ‘long’ Second World War, challenging the traditional Eurocentric chronological boundaries of 1939/1945. It takes as its starting point the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, which led to the progressive dislocation of the League of Nations, with Japanese, German and Soviet departures in the 1930s. It ends with the termination of the Korean War in 1953 and the subsequent dismantling of the first United Coalition and UN peace enforcement operation. This periodisation allows the contributors to consider the role of extra-European spaces and conflicts, such as the Italo-Ethiopian War, conflict between Peru and Ecuador, and the Second Sino-Japanese War. Using innovative methodological approaches, including a focus on medical care and intimacy (Chapters 1 and 4), this book is neither structured around breaks and ruptures, nor linear shifts from ‘imperial humanitarianism’ to ‘neo-humanitarianism’ or ‘amateurism’ to ‘professionalism’. Instead of creating a metanarrative and an overarching story of humanitarianism during the long Second World War, it considers the slow, messy and ambivalent transformation of humanitarian actors’ relations to the suffering of distant others through studying humanitarian encounters, practices, spaces and affects. Paying close attention to actors such as French colonial doctors (Chapter 2), Swiss ICRC delegates (Chapters 3 and 10), Egyptian relief workers (Chapter 4), Chinese-style physicians (Chapter 5), Peruvian and Ecuadorian nurses (Chapter 6) and American members of the Unitarian Service Committee (Chapter 7), this book does not erase the important differences between them but provides a more holistic story of humanitarianism: one that recognises its complexity and the intensification of circulations from one conflict and front to another.

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Sedimentary habitats cover the vast majority of the ocean floor and constitute the largest ecosystem on Earth. These systems supply fundamental services to human beings, such as food production and nutrient recycling. It is well known that meiofauna are an abundant and ubiquitous component of sediments, even though their biodiversity and importance in marine ecosystem functioning remain to be fully investigated. In this book, the meiofaunal biodiversity trends in marine habitats worldwide are documented, along with the collection of empirical evidence on their role in ecosystem services, such as the production, consumption, and decomposition of organic matter, and energy transfer to higher and lower trophic levels. Meiofaunal activities, like feeding and bioturbation, induce changes in several physico-chemical and biological properties of sediments, and might increase the resilience of the benthic ecosystem processes that are essential for the supply of ecosystem goods and services required by humans. As a key component of marine habitats, the taxonomical and functional aspects of the meiofaunal community are also used for the ecological assessment of the sediments’ quality status, providing important information on the anthropogenic impact of benthos.

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The Latin American and Caribbean regions’ historical trajectories have been shaped by complex human-nonhuman interactions. In these histories people are important, even crucial, actors, but not the only ones. Offering a novel approach to the writing of Latin American history, this book brings nine thought-provoking chapters together with a historiographical introduction and critical afterword to centre nonhuman beings and things. The oscillating glare of the sun, the resourcefulness of insects, the tectonic instability of national territories, and the life-giving and intractable impassivity of rivers are some of the other-than-human agents driving history in the volume’s chapters. It problematises Latin American(ist) historiography’s tendency to frame ‘nature’ as a separate ontological domain that is only acted upon – conquered, manipulated, devastated – lacking the self-propelled dynamics capable of shaping the course of events. With broad regional and temporal coverage across Latin America and the Caribbean from the pre-colonial period to the present day, the book responds to environmental history’s call to write biophysical environments into the human past – a reconsideration of historical agency that, in this era of climate change, is needed now more than ever.

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Ecclesiastical institutions and actors were essential for the formation of normative orders in early modern Ibero-America. In a series of seminars, organised by the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History in Mexico City, Lima, Bogotá and São Paulo, scholars from different disciplines presented innovative studies on the history of religious normativity and its practices. Based upon the Lima colloquium, the present volume focuses on the viceroyalty of Peru (16th-19th centuries).

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Seit dem späten 19. Jahrhundert organisierte sich eine weltweite Temperenzbewegung gegen den Alkoholkonsum. In Argentinien und Uruguay begannen ab Ende der 1870er Jahre als erstes Mediziner insbesondere den massenhaften Konsum von Alkohol unter den eingewanderten Arbeitern aus Europa zu problematisieren. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts engagierten sich dann weltweit vermehrt Frauen gegen den Alkoholismus der Männer. Diese Alkoholgegnerinnen und -gegner unterschiedlichster Couleur initiierten nationale Kampagnen stets im Spannungsfeld zwischen Erwägungen vor Ort und dem Austausch über globale Netzwerke. So standen etwa Aktivistinnen in Montevideo stets mit Gleichgesinnten der US-amerikanischen Temperenzbewegung gegen den Alkoholismus als gemeinsame Bedrohung in Kontakt, versuchten sich jedoch gleichzeitig von den "Schwestern" im Norden abzugrenzen. Sönke Bauck untersucht auf Basis bislang unerschlossener Quellen die Interaktionen und Kampagnen einer globalen Temperenzbewegung am Rio de la Plata – einer Bewegung, die　letztlich ein Terrain der Konfrontation und Aushandlung nationaler, kultureller und religiöser Identitäten sowie von Geschlechternormen, Familienmodellen und schließlich auch Weltbildern und Weltordnungsentwürfen war.

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The studies presented in this volume examine the intertwining of corporeality and temporality in Brazilian literature from interdisciplinary perspectives. In some narratives, the texts make explicit the protagonism of the illness itself and the ambivalent relationship that is built up between sick or aging people and their former selves. In this context, different ways of excluding bodies that are no longer young or 'healthy' and are kept out of the public sphere are problematized. Silence and loneliness, but also the urgency of living to tell, are often the driving forces behind the narratives and poems studied.

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